If you are submitting your time timely, and your supervisor is approving your time, you would see the payment on your upcoming check.
For additional details, a calendar exists for HR and payroll users as shown below. The light blue days indicate timesheet deadline days. The “absolute” deadlines would depend on whether you are paid “After the Fact” or “LAG” and your departments internal procedures.
As an example, for processing on the September 20th paycheck, an employee could submit time worked up to September 8 for the period that is regularly scheduled for payment. If approved within a day after you would see the amounts on that September 20 paycheck.